Slides/Visual Aids

Slides from George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

By downloading any of the files below you are agreeing to cite George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen when you use any of these resources.

1. Introduction and Symmetry -  Introduction to crystallography and symmetry - Last updated: 26/10/2010
2. Symmetry -  Symmetry - Last updated: 23/09/2016
3. Lattices, Symmetry, Space Groups - Crystal lattices, Unit Cell, Bravais Lattice, symmetry, space groups - Last updated: 08/11/2010
4. Space Groups, Crystal Growth - Space groups, crystal growth, diffraction, instrumentation, X-rays 
5. Diffraction, Reciprocal Space, Laue Group - Diffraction, reciprocal lattice, Bragg Equation, Laue Group, Symmetry, resolution - Last updated: 22/11/2010
6. Reciprocal Space, Space Group, Systematic Absences, Symmetry - Reciprocal Lattice, Space Group selection, systematic absences, centrosymmetry - Last updated: 29/11/2010
7. Space Group, Structure Factor, Phase - Space Group, Structure Factors, Phases - Last updated: 02/12/2010
8. Phase, Direct Methods, Dual Space - The Phase Problem, The Sayre Equation, Direct Methods, Dual Space - Last updated:14/12/2010
9. Heavy Atom Method - Patterson Methods - Last updated:11/01/2011
10. Refinement, Thermal Ellipsoids, Disorder, Fourier Difference - Refinement, ADP, Thermal Ellipsoids, Disorder, Libration, Fourier Difference Maps, Hydrogen atoms - Last updated:17/01/2011
11. Structure Factors, Constraints and Restraints, neutron diffraction - Structure Factors, Constraints and Restraints, ADP, Disorder, neutron diffraction - Last updated:26/01/2011
12. Powder Diffraction - Last updated:19/02/2011
13. Twinning, Anomalous dispersion, XAS, CCD, modulated structures - Twinning, Anomalous Dispersion, Absolute configuration, XAS, CCD, modulated structures - Last updated:07/02/2011

Slides from Phillip Fanwick

Unless otherwise stated by downloading any of the files below you are agreeing to cite Phillip Fanwick 

1. Introduction, ADP's, crystal Quality - Introduction, ORTEPS and ADP's, Crystal Quality, CIFs, Disorder - Last updated: 05/11/2009
2. Equipment, coordinates - Equipments, Non-Cartesian Coordinates
3. Matrices, coordinates, unit cell. - Matrices, coordinates, the unit cell, Crystal Systems, Symmetry, Bravais Lattices
4. History of X-rays -  X-rays, History of X-rays
5. X-rays, diffraction, interference - Interference, diffraction
6. Diffraction, History of Diffraction, Reciprocal Space  - Diffraction, history of diffraction, reciprocal space 
7. Reciprocal Space, Bragg's Law, Bragg planes, Ewald sphere - Reciprocal Space, bragg's law, bragg planes, miller Indices, ewald sphere - Last updated: 23/01/2008
8. Scattering, Fourier Theory, ADP, Absorption - Scattering, scattering factors, fourier theory, ADP's, absorption, thermal ellipsoids, equipment (Cold stream) 
9. Symmetry - symmetry.  If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Phillip Fanwick and George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
10. Space Groups - Symmetry, space groups - If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Phillip Fanwick and George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
11. Bravais Lattices, Centering, symmetry - Bravais Lattices, centering, symmetry, space groups - If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Phillip Fanwick and George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
12. Space Groups, Symmetry - Symmetry, space groups
13, Equipment, Precession Camera, symmetry, space groups, redundant data, systematic absence. - Equipment, precession camera, symmetry, space groups, redundant data, systematic absences 
14. Systematic absences, XPREP, Crystal growth and selection, - Systematic absences, XPREP, crystal growth, selecting crystals, equipment (microscope, goniometer, cameras), extinction (visible light) 
15. Selecting crystals, goniometers, detectors. - Selecting crystals, equipment (microscope, goniometers, detectors) 
16. Data Collection, Indexing - Data collection, indexing
17. Integration, Data reduction, scaling, twins, absorption correction - Integration, data reduction, scaling, twins, absorption correction - Last updated: 19/02/2010
18. XPREP, Fourier Theory, Structure solution, phase. - XPREP, Fourier theory, structure solution, The Phase problem. - Last updated: 03/08/2012. Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Phillip Fanwick and George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
19. Structure solution, phase, charge flipping, Direct Methods, Fourier Theory - Structure solution, The Phase Problem, charge flipping, direct methods, Fourier Theory, normalized structure factors, Sayre Equation - Last updated: 03/08/2012. Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Phillip Fanwick and George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
20. SIR, Patterson methods, Difference Fourier map. - SIR, Patterson, difference Fourier map 
21. Structure Solution failure, refinement, correlation, occupancy - Structure solution failure, refinement,  weighting, correlation, occupancy. Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Phillip Fanwick and George Sheldrick, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
22. Hydrogen Atoms, disorder, restraints, modulated structure, occupancy, SQUEEZE - Hydrogen atoms, disorder, restraints, commensurate modulated structure, occupancy, SQUEEZE, site occupancy disorder 
23. Centric/noncentric space groups, anomalous scattering. - Centric/noncentric space groups, anomalous scattering, absolute configuration, Bijvoet differences, Flack factor, Hooft approach 
24. Cif - CIF - Last updated: 12/04/2010
25. Twinning - Twinning 

Slides from Frank Schaper, Université de Montréal

1. Introduction to crystals and the diffraction experiment - Introduction to Crystallography: Crystals, Bravais lattice, diffraction, Bragg equation, structure factors, reciprocal space  
2. Refinement, constraints, restraints, hydrogen atoms - Refinement, constraints, restraints, hydrogen atom treatment
3. CIF, validation, signs of problems - CIF, validation, signs of problems
4. Space group determination - Space Group determination
5. Structure solution: Patterson, direct methods, charge flipping, dual space, intrinsic phasing - Structure solution - Patterson methods, direct methods, charge flipping, dual space refinement, intrinsic phasing
6a. Disorder - Disorder 
6b. SQUEEZE - SQUEEZE 
7. Anomalous dispersion, extinction, systematic absence violation, other problems - Anomalous dispersion, extinction, systematic absences violations, other problems
8. Twinning - Twinning 
9. Data reduction: integration, scaling, absorption correction - Data Reduction 

Slides from Mike Zdilla, Temple University

By downloading any of the files below you are agreeing to cite Michael Zdilla, Temple University.

1. The Unit Cell: Bragg planes, The Bragg equation - Last updated: 08/01/2016
2. X-rays, Scattering, Bragg Equation, Bragg Planes, Interference, Diffraction: X-rays, scattering, Laue Equations, Bragg equations, bragg planes, diffraction, interference, miller indices - Last updated: 08/01/2016
3. Ewald Sphere, Reciprocal Space, Detectors : Ewald Sphere, Reciprocal Space, Detectors - Last updated: 08/01/2016
4. Scattering Factors, phases, vector addition: Scattering factors, phases, vector addition - Last updated: 08/01/2016
5. Symmetry, Space Groups, Systematic absences: Symmetry, space groups, systematic absences - Last updated: 08/01/2016
6. Fourier Theory, patterson methods: Fourier theory, patterson methods - Last updated: 08/01/2016
7. Disorder, modulated structures, quasicrystals, anomalous scattering, absolute structure: Disorder, modulated structures, quasicrystals, anomalous scattering, absolute structure - Last updated: 08/01/2016
8. Twinning: Twinning - Last updated: 08/01/2016
9. Optical Transform slides: Laser pointer diffraction visual aids - Last updated: 04/08/2012

Other animations and visual aids

By downloading any of the files below you are agreeing to cite

1. Symmetry Animations (Jancik) : Last updated - 14/01/2016
2. Kappa geometry animation (WillowW, Kappa goniometer faster smaller, CC BY 3.0): Last updated - 28/01/2008

Practice Problems

Laboratories

• Crystal Growth (by Mike Zdilla)
  • Topics covered: Crystal growth by layer and vapor diffusion
  • Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Michael Zdilla, Temple University.

Online Courses

• X-ray course from Patrick Carroll, University of Pennsylvania
  • Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Patrick Carroll, University of Pennsylvania.
  • Topics covered: Introduction, Symmetry, Data Collection, The Structure Factor, The Phase Problem, Structure Solution by Heavy Atom Methods, Structure Solution by Direct Methods, Structure Refinement
• X-ray course from Gervais Chapuis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Gervais Chapuis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

  • Topics covered: Foreward, Introduction, Data Collection, Symmetry of Crystals, Structure of Crystals, Diffraction Principles, Diffraction Methods, Resolution of Structures

• X-ray course from Joseph Reibenspies, Texas A&M
  • Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Joseph Reibenspies.
  • Topics covered: 
    • Single Crystal: Specimen generation and selection, Diffraction and Instrumentation, Data Reduction and Correction, Laue symmetry and space group selection Structure Solution, Model building and Refinement, Common Problems and fixes, Validation and Publication
    • Powder: The solid sample, The Scattered X-ray, Diffraction and Sample Prep, X-ray Diffraction Pattern, Signal Processing, Analysis, WPPD and Rietveld Methods Results
• Symmetry Resource from Dean Johnston, Otterbein University
  • Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite Dean Johnston, Otterbein University
  • Topics Covered: Symmetry
• Crystallography website from CSIC's Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology (from Prof. Martin Martinez-Ripoll)
  
  • The content of this website is available in English and in Spanish (at this link)
  • Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting, you must agree to cite the resource following the instructions within the website homepage.
  • Topics Covered: Introduction, The structure of crystals, X-rays, The symmetry of crystals, Direct & reciprocal lattices, Scattering and diffraction, Experimental diffraction, Structural resolution, The structural model, Crystallographic Computing, Biographical outlines, Crystallographic Associations, Crystallography in Spain

Educational Software

• 3D reciprocal lattice viewer (Barbour)

  • Software for viewing reciprocal lattices. Requires an hkl file.

  • Citation: If you intend to use this resource in a classroom setting or publication, you must agree to cite Len Barbour, University of Stellenbosch.