Please note: these molecules are still being investigated and are not currently approved for treatment. This article presents early stage research for information only, and is not intended to give any medical advice.
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Blog last updated 3rd February 2021
- New molecules and additional structures added
- Cross-link to related blog added.
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Various teams at the CCDC are already working on several ideas to support global COVID-19 efforts and have been delighted to hear from some of our users about research they are doing using the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and our software to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
Amazingly there are already several potential vaccines and small molecule drug candidates for COVID-19 and so we thought we would seek out some of these structures in the CSD in case they are of use to others. Each individual structure is freely available in the CSD with curated chemical information such as a 2D diagram as well as the underlying dataset with coordinates from our free Access Structures service.
The table at the bottom of this page shows some of the structures we have found in the CSD so far.
About the data
For structures where we have identified that the compound is being investigated as a potential candidate, we have also added additional text in the bioactivity field to make the structures as easy as possible for users to find. For example, CSD Refcode DOHVED now has “Favipiravir was investigated in 2020 as a potential candidate to target COVID-19 (coronavirus)” added to the bioactivity field in the CSD.
You can also use the CSD to find similar structures, for example a similarity search for Chloroquine results in 26 hits with a number of the similar structures already having known bioactivity, these include CSD Refcode GOMRIJ which is an active anti-malarial aminoquinoline, CSD Refcode LURGUA which is a potent bisquinoline anti-malarial agent and CSD Refcode BIDSIS which has antitumour and antimycobacterial activity.
If you would like more information about how to perform similarity searches using our advanced online WebCSD search system we have a number of FAQs to help to get you started including:
Note: you can now access the structures through the COVID-19 drug subset on our desktop software, and in the CSD-Python API. Learn more here.
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Keep in touch and get involved
We will try to keep up with research activities to help ensure the CSD is as informative as possible. If you spot a new candidate small molecule structure then you can tweet us using @ccdc_cambridge or email us to let us know.
Anyone can also freely search the CSD based on a Drug Name on our Access Structures service where they can also download the associated CIF.
Do let us know if you are using the CSD and software to help fight COVID-19, or if you want to collaborate with us get in touch using hello@ccdc.cam.ac.uk.
.You may also be interested in our other blogs on COVID-19.
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These structures are of interest in early stage research only.
This article is not to be taken as medical advice.
| Drug candidate |
CSD Refcode |
Are there other structures containing this drug candidate?
|
Reference to COVID-19 research |
Image of the structure in CSD |
| Ritonavir |
YIGPIO |
Yes |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Darunavir |
NISTIV |
Yes |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Favipiravir |
DOHVED |
Yes |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Remdesivir |
ZARNAK |
No |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Ribavirin |
VIRAZL |
Yes |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Arbidol |
SAJPOK |
Yes |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Chloroquine |
CDMQUI |
Yes |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Nitazoxanide |
QUZWOY |
Yes |
Liu et al, ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 3, 315-331 |
 |
| Umifenovir |
SIYSEA |
Yes |
Lu, H., BioSci Trends, 2020, 16;14(1), 69-71 |
 |
| Triazavirin |
NOXCUB |
No |
Vincent, M. J. et al, Virol J., 2005, 2, 69 |
 |
| Penciclovir |
YACGUE |
Yes |
Wang, M. et al, Cell Research, 2020, 30, 269-271 |
 |
| Indinavir |
DIJWOJ |
Yes |
Chang,Y. et al, Pharmacology & Toxicology, preprint, February 2020 |
 |
| Ebselen |
SENGOH |
Yes |
Jin, Z. et al, BioRXiv preprint, March 2020 |
 |
| Sofosbuvir |
CUZROG |
Yes |
Elfiky, A., Life Sciences, 2020, 248, 117477 |
 |
| Dexamethasone |
DEXMET11 |
Yes |
|
 |
| Clofazimine |
DAKXUI |
Yes |
Nature article |
|
| Astemizole |
ZENREP |
|
Nature article |
|
| Apilimod |
CARCAC |
|
Nature article |
|
| 8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine |
KASVUW |
|
Nature article |
|
| Tretinoin |
VITAAC01 |
Yes |
Nature article |
|
| Acitretin |
NAZLAC01 |
Yes |
Nature article |
|
| Ibrutinib |
BETWUV/BETXEG |
Yes |
www.technologynetworks.com |
|
| Oleandrin |
BAVJEN/ZAMSOV |
Yes |
cen.acs.org |
|
| Zuclopenthixol |
CLPXNA |
|
Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 |
|
| Ambroxol |
FIYBEV |
Yes |
Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 |
|
| Amodiaquine |
GIWLII01 |
Yes |
Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 |
|
| rac-Nebivolol hydrochloride |
WEBCEL01 |
Yes |
Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 |
|
| Vorinostat |
IQILAW |
Yes |
Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 |
|
| Isoxsuprine hydrochloride |
BAHFAR01 |
Yes |
Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 |
|
| Ciprofloxacin |
COVPIN01 |
|
Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin article
Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin article
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|
| Moxifloxacin hydrochloride |
ABABIQ |
|
Scientific Report |
|
| Ganciclovir |
UGIVAI01 |
|
J. Thorac Imaging article |
|
| Bepridil hydrochloride |
CEZBAK |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Pimozide perchlorate |
PIMOZD |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Rimonabant |
RIFBAL |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Zopiclone |
CUHNEY23 |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Saquinavir chloride |
WUTSUB |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Clemastine hydrogen fumarate |
CLEMAS02 |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Metixene hydrochloride |
METHIX10 |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Duloxetine hydrochloride |
MUCDUK |
|
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012201118 |
|
| Donepezil |
SUBTIS(01-05) |
|
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01231-x |
|
| Decitabine |
EYOJUZ(01) |
|
ClinicalTrials.gov |
|
| Tramadol |
BUFPAV |
|
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110468
clinicaltrials.gov
|
|
| Emtricitabine |
HAKJIM |
|
DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofaa455 |
|
| Tenofovir disoproxil (fumaric acid) |
DUXSAR |
|
DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofaa455 |
|
| Tenofovir alafenamide |
BUKQOQ |
|
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa455 |
|
| Fluoxetine hydrochloride |
FUDCOW |
|
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15418 |
|
| Ifenprodil |
KAHFAB |
|
DOI: 10.1126/science.abf7945 |
|
| Tolperisone hydrochloride |
SIFGIY |
|
DOI: 10.1126/science.abf7945 |
|
| Disulfiram |
ETHUSS(01-05) |
|
DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.07.004 |
|
| Salinomycin (benzylammonium salinomycinate ) |
IYIJIL |
|
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03491-6 |
|
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Additional structures identified from 'Global Coronavirus COVID-19 Clinical Trial Tracker' (www.covid19-trials.com) by Cytel
Every structure in the table below can be accessed freely by searching for the CSD Refcode in our Access Structures service - www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures
| Drug Candidate |
CSD Refcode |
| Tranexamic acid |
AMMCHC10 |
| Dipyridamole |
BIRKES01 |
| Naproxen |
COYRUD |
| Celecoxib |
DIBBUL |
| Colchicine |
DIHSAO (S enantiomer) |
| Zidovudine |
FIXGAU |
| Escin |
GACZIT |
| Azvudine |
HAMCOP |
| Fingolimod |
HUCHEU |
| Camostat |
JAMREU |
| Valsartan |
KIPLIG |
| Ciclesonide |
KOJPIJ - solvate EMIQAU, EMIQEY |
| Pirfenidone |
KOMJOO |
| Dexmedetomidine |
LADTIT |
| Vitamin c |
LASCAC |
| Mefloquine |
LEBYAT |
| Tranilast |
MCMYAN |
| Methylprednisolone |
MTHPRG |
| Acetylcysteine |
NALCYS |
| losartan |
OCAHAC |
| Azithromycin |
PILQIN, PILQUZ |
| Ebastine |
QATJIF |
| Sildenafil |
QEGTUT |
| Levamisole |
SAWJIJ |
| Nadolol |
TAYGAC |
| Itraconazole |
TEHZIP |
| Tetrandrine |
TETRIN11 |
| Thalidomide |
THALID01 |
| Alpha lipoic acid |
THOCAR |
| Lenflunomide |
VIFQIL |
| Imatinib mesilate |
XAVTOF |
| Tacrolimus |
FINWEE |
| Dapagliflozin |
CIMNUJ, CINSEZ |
| Hydrocorisone |
CORTSL, CORTMS |
| Simvastatin |
EJEQAL |
| Sirolimus |
RAPMCN |
| Spironolactone |
ATPRCL01 |
| Indomethacin |
INDMET |
| Telmisartan |
XUYHOO (01) |
| Famotidine |
FOGVIG (01-08) |
| Doxycycline |
LATQAA - 02 (monohydrate) |
| Diltiazem |
GAJKAG |
| Niclosamide |
HEBFUR - 01 |
| Atazanavir |
LISTEP, (also LUQRAS, LUQREW) |
| Trifluoprazine |
ZZMHQ |
| Chlorpromazine , chlorpromazine |
CPROMZ, 01 |
| Captopril |
MCPRPL, 01 |
| Etoposide |
LEZREO |
| Almitrine |
KEHBAA |
| Estradiol |
ESOURE12 |
| Prazosin |
WAHJAR |
| Methotrexate |
DOJZAD, DOJZAD01 |
| Isotretinoin |
TUDSIU |
| Atovaquorine |
UMOMAL (-03) |
| Trihexyphenidyl |
THEXPL |
| Ramipril |
QOQWAU |
| Cyclosporine |
DEKSAN |
| Cotrimoxazole |
SMZTMP |
| Verapamil |
CURHOM |
| Amiodarone |
DUTRUF |
|
Moxidectin
|
GETBOW |
| Artesunate |
FAHFAV |
| Colchicine |
PALYOQ |
| Melatonin |
MELATN |
| Clevudine |
TEYDAC05 |
| Clavulanate |
BICLAV10 (Benzyl ester) |
| Losartan potassium |
MOPHAA
|
| Bismuth Potassium Citrate |
REGSUS
|
| Oseltamivir |
WETLOY (Phosphate)
|
| Amoxicillin |
AMOXCT10 (zwitterionic, trihydrate)
|
| Metformin |
ETIVUY (N,N-Dimethylbiguanidium bromide)
JAMRIY (N,N-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride)
|
| Noscapine |
PUJMOX (rac-β-Noscapine)
BOVPUA (rac-α-Noscapine)
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The articles we used to compile this list so far are:
Other structures of interest to COVID-19 based on research papers are listed below:
